This project examines the planning, execution, and immediate socioeconomic impacts of sand dredging activities at offshore sites in the U.S. and United Kingdom. The work was undertaken to work provide the U.S. Department of the Interior with a much improved understanding of problematic interactions between the sand mining industry and local fishing fleets, and effective means for resolving such conflicts. Findings are based on extensive ethnographic research and hundreds of in-depth interviews with mining industry participants, fishermen, and public officials throughout the study areas.